The impact on proposed electrofication in the UK to railway Essay

The impact on proposed electrofication in the UK to railway infrastructure design - Essay Example closures followed after the issue of the Serpell report, which sought to secure improved financial results for the Railways (www.railwaysarchive.co.uk). This has however, only led to road congestion and according to the figures released by the Department of the environment, transport and the regions (DETR), 7% of the road network suffers congestion and 13% suffers heavy congestion for at least half of the year (DETR, 2000:41). Development of the rail network and its electrification has been mooted as a solution to the road congestion problem. The operation of rail services includes the operation of the infrastructure, such as the track and signalling, as well as the operation of freight and passenger services. This study will examine the proposals for rail electrification in the U.K. and its potential impact, to assess the benefits and costs, in order to derive a plan that can be applied for modification of the rail transport network. The Government has recently announced a plan to spend  £1 billion to electrify the rail lines between London and Swansea (BBC News Report, 2009). Existing diesel lines are also proposed to be converted to electric, because the benefits are likely to be cheaper, cleaner and more reliable transport. Therefore it has been suggested that despite the initial large investments in infrastructure that would need to be made, it is likely to be beneficial since the investment would pay for itself over a 40 year period and there would be no increase in fares. In arguing in favour of electrifying the rail network into Wales, Barry (2009) has argued that rail electrification would have a beneficial effect on the economy, despite the infrastructure changes that would be required. This infrastructure expense is considerable and has been estimated to be from about  £800,000 to  £1m, while the amount of track that needs to be covered would be about 90 miles, thereby bringing the costs to  £90m. But the benefits which would result include the

The synergy of branding and MPR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The synergy of branding and MPR - Essay Example The rebellion and fierce battles in Syrian are a topic of discussion in the national/international media these days and the main focus of the argument among different media threads is the American support for the rebels. There has been a lot of discussion and mainstream media has arranged several talk shows, webinars, table talks and interviews on this topic. America is funding the rebels in Syria because of the fact that freedom and democracy is the need of Syria but the main line of argument for all those who are targeting this strategy in a critical way is that funding these rebels is growing your own enemy because American nation has suffered a lot just because of the fact that they helped the Afghan militants in the soviet war. Sources like CNN, independent, Huffington post, guardian, Aljazeera, BBC, CBS, ABC news have vowed this issue a lot and on daily basis, then news of Syria is getting in the limelight. There are two groups in the rebellions according to the media and there must be a clear differentiation between these groups. The first group is known as Free Syrian Army (FSA) which is an offshoot of the Syrian army who were the rebels. FSA started to wage war against Bashar al Assad regime some years ago because they were furious against his oppressions against the Sunni Muslims, a major sect in Syria. The other group of the rebels is the most lethal and according to the national media, this group can be the real cause for the headache for America and that is known as Alqaeda.